Kyasanur disease is an acute viral infection caused by the Kyasanur forest disease virus, a member of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, is a viral haemorrhagic fever endemic in South Asia, started for the first time in Karnataka (India) causing an outbreak among monkeys killing several of them in 1957 that is called disease of monkeys .
Symptoms
The disease has a high rate of morbidity up to 10%. The symptoms are:
High sore
Bleeding from the nasal cavity and throat.
Vomiting .
Intestinal bleeding.
Prevention and treatment
The prophylaxis by vaccination, and preventive measures such as protective clothing, control of tick and mosquito . There is no specific treatment like other hemorrhagic fevers.
Wednesday, July 7, 2010
Hearing loss and hearing aids
Now let us know briefly about hearing losses.
There may be several causes for hearing losses. Such as: Outer ear trauma (injury to the outer ear), Middle ear infections, damage to the tympanic membrane, or problems within the inner ear. Apart from this, High noise, age factors also contributes in the hearing loss.
Let us know the reasons for old age hearing loss.
Presbycusis:
What Is Presbycusis?
What are the symptoms? How can you know if you might have presbycusis?
Maybe you have noticed it is harder to hear people talk in noisy places.
Maybe you find yourself withdrawing more socially because of the frustrations of understanding people.
It is harder to hear sounds you are used to, like water running
How Does Presbycusis Happen?
As a person ages, their cochlear hair cells may become damaged. This results in a high-frequency hearing loss that can start as early as middle age. The
adult male of the species appears to be at greater risk, particularly if he is over 40 years old. In addition, there may be a genetic component to presbycusis.
Noise exposure is also known to play a role.
The impact of presbycusis can be seen in age-hearing loss charts. As a person ages, the middle ear also ages, going through physical changes that make it more difficult for a person to discriminate sound.
Statistics show a large percentage of older folks develop presbycusis. As many as half over 75 may have hearing loss. According to the a Profile of Older
Americans from the federal Department of Health and Human Services Administration on Aging, hearing loss was one of the most common condition experienced
by mature people in a survey.
As it is mentioned above that the Presbycusis (oldage hearing loss) is caused by damage to the cochlear hair cells or because hardening of the tympanic membrane, it results in high frequency hearing loss; therefore, this problem can mostly be solved with the help of hearing aids, but it is very essential that the hearing aid must be manufactured or adjusted to the each individual patients ability of hearing otherwise, the hearing aid may not be useful.
Though it is said that a normal person can hear between 20 HZ to 20 KHZ, it varies depending upon the age. However, normal hearing frequency of hearing is 50 HZ to 15 KHZ. As the age progresses, the hearing of high frequencies get decreased; therefore, each individual patient is to be assessed and adjusted the hearing aids, but unfortunately, it is fully not happening these days so the option of hearing aids as treatment is not proving much effective.
There may be several causes for hearing losses. Such as: Outer ear trauma (injury to the outer ear), Middle ear infections, damage to the tympanic membrane, or problems within the inner ear. Apart from this, High noise, age factors also contributes in the hearing loss.
Let us know the reasons for old age hearing loss.
Presbycusis:
What Is Presbycusis?
What are the symptoms? How can you know if you might have presbycusis?
Maybe you have noticed it is harder to hear people talk in noisy places.
Maybe you find yourself withdrawing more socially because of the frustrations of understanding people.
It is harder to hear sounds you are used to, like water running
How Does Presbycusis Happen?
As a person ages, their cochlear hair cells may become damaged. This results in a high-frequency hearing loss that can start as early as middle age. The
adult male of the species appears to be at greater risk, particularly if he is over 40 years old. In addition, there may be a genetic component to presbycusis.
Noise exposure is also known to play a role.
The impact of presbycusis can be seen in age-hearing loss charts. As a person ages, the middle ear also ages, going through physical changes that make it more difficult for a person to discriminate sound.
Statistics show a large percentage of older folks develop presbycusis. As many as half over 75 may have hearing loss. According to the a Profile of Older
Americans from the federal Department of Health and Human Services Administration on Aging, hearing loss was one of the most common condition experienced
by mature people in a survey.
As it is mentioned above that the Presbycusis (oldage hearing loss) is caused by damage to the cochlear hair cells or because hardening of the tympanic membrane, it results in high frequency hearing loss; therefore, this problem can mostly be solved with the help of hearing aids, but it is very essential that the hearing aid must be manufactured or adjusted to the each individual patients ability of hearing otherwise, the hearing aid may not be useful.
Though it is said that a normal person can hear between 20 HZ to 20 KHZ, it varies depending upon the age. However, normal hearing frequency of hearing is 50 HZ to 15 KHZ. As the age progresses, the hearing of high frequencies get decreased; therefore, each individual patient is to be assessed and adjusted the hearing aids, but unfortunately, it is fully not happening these days so the option of hearing aids as treatment is not proving much effective.
About hearing and ears.
Human being is the most intelligent and intellectual living being of all the living beings.
Human brain and body are the most complex and complicated thing to understand. Brain is the most important and complex of all the organs. Human brain is similar to a computer, which is the human creation. The brain can be simulated to a computer because computer also accepts the data from outside through input devices and processes it and gives the result through output devices as human brain does. The input devices of human brain are called senses. There are five input devices are senses. They are: Eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin. Eyes are helpful in input of visual things. The ears are used to hear or for audio input. Nose is used to understand the smell. Tongue tells us the taste, and the skin is used to touch and feel. These five senses are very vital in giving the information to the brain.
Now let us no the function and importance of the ears.
As mentioned above, the ears play an important role in understanding the speech and taking the audio input; therefore, the intactness of the ear is very necessary.
Now let us try to no the structure and function of the ears.
Introduction to ears and hearing
signal of nerve impulses sent to the brain.
Saturday, July 3, 2010
Mesothelioma and its relation to exposure to asbestos
What is mesothelioma?
Malignant mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that starts in the mesothelium, a membrane that covers and protects most internal organs of the body. The mesothelium is composed of two layers, one surrounding the body itself, and the other forms a sac around it completely. A small amount of fluid is normally produced between these two layers, lubricating the motion of the organs protected. When normal cells of the mesothelium lose control and spread quickly, they produce mesothelioma. The form of mesothelioma is the most common mesothelioma "pleural". It occurs in the pleura, the lining of the lungs. Other forms are mesothelioma "peritoneal" reaching the peritoneum lining the abdominal cavity and mesothelioma "pericardial", pericardium, the lining of the heart.
What causes mesothelioma?
Mesothelioma is almost always caused by exposure to asbestos fibers. Many people have been exposed to the army, others by their occupation, and others, secondarily, through contact with exposed workers. Because of latent cancer, it may not appear until 20-50 years or more after exposure.
Is mesothelioma is common?
Based on information obtained from the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health in Helsinki, the incidence of mesothelioma in Western Europe is expected to reach its peak between 2010 and 2020.
Who is at risk of developing mesothelioma?
Those who have worked directly with asbestos or asbestos products are most at risk of developing mesothelioma, however, mesothelioma has been reported in some individuals who have had minimal exposure.
Among the shops at high risk of developing mesothelioma include:
* The carpenter iron (including shipbuilding)
* The manufacturers of the vehicle chassis (including rail vehicles)
* Plumbing
* Gas Installers
* Carpenters
* Electricians
* Workers building
* Plastering
* Contractors
* Handyman
* Steel Manufacturers
* Painters
* Sheet Metal
* Welders
What types of products typically contain asbestos?
The following products have widely varying rates contained asbestos. This list does not include them all and is a source of general information.
Malignant mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that starts in the mesothelium, a membrane that covers and protects most internal organs of the body. The mesothelium is composed of two layers, one surrounding the body itself, and the other forms a sac around it completely. A small amount of fluid is normally produced between these two layers, lubricating the motion of the organs protected. When normal cells of the mesothelium lose control and spread quickly, they produce mesothelioma. The form of mesothelioma is the most common mesothelioma "pleural". It occurs in the pleura, the lining of the lungs. Other forms are mesothelioma "peritoneal" reaching the peritoneum lining the abdominal cavity and mesothelioma "pericardial", pericardium, the lining of the heart.
What causes mesothelioma?
Mesothelioma is almost always caused by exposure to asbestos fibers. Many people have been exposed to the army, others by their occupation, and others, secondarily, through contact with exposed workers. Because of latent cancer, it may not appear until 20-50 years or more after exposure.
Is mesothelioma is common?
Based on information obtained from the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health in Helsinki, the incidence of mesothelioma in Western Europe is expected to reach its peak between 2010 and 2020.
Who is at risk of developing mesothelioma?
Those who have worked directly with asbestos or asbestos products are most at risk of developing mesothelioma, however, mesothelioma has been reported in some individuals who have had minimal exposure.
Among the shops at high risk of developing mesothelioma include:
* The carpenter iron (including shipbuilding)
* The manufacturers of the vehicle chassis (including rail vehicles)
* Plumbing
* Gas Installers
* Carpenters
* Electricians
* Workers building
* Plastering
* Contractors
* Handyman
* Steel Manufacturers
* Painters
* Sheet Metal
* Welders
What types of products typically contain asbestos?
The following products have widely varying rates contained asbestos. This list does not include them all and is a source of general information.
- Moulded or preformed shield used in thermal insulation of pipes and boilers
- The planned asbestos used as protection against fire in ducts, firewall, panels, partitions, soffit boards, ceiling panels and around structural steel construction
- Insulation panels used as protection against fire, thermal insulation, partitions and ducts
- Jam asbestos used as fire breaks in ceiling voids
- Cardboard wrapped, paper and paper products used for insulation of electrical equipment, asbestos paper may also be used as combustible on the side panels of wood fibers
- Products of asbestos cement flat and corrugated sheets used to cover walls or ceilings, the cement products have also been used in gutters, rainwater pipes and water tanks
- The textured surfaces (such as the Artex)
- Material of roofing asphalt
- Vinyl floor tile or thermoplastic
Breif overview of Swine Flu
Flu
New Influenza A (H1N1)
The viruses were 100 nanometers in diameter.
The flu, an official New Influenza A (H1N1), is a flu pandemic from a new strain of H1N1 - swine flu, which originated in Mexico in March 2009 . There are also some other names used, including (new) influenza A (H1N1) and (especially in the first days after the outbreak) swine flu.
The virus manifested itself first in Mexico and expanded in April to the United States and soon to other countries.
According to figures from the American Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are on August 28, 2009 209 438 infections and at least 2185 deaths from the virus found.
When deaths are often a combination with one or more other diseases which the patient already greatly reduced health. Only flu death is rare.
In many cases, the infection goes quite mild and many patients report not therefore. A total of 17,483 worldwide confirmed deaths. In the Netherlands it is 60. In the 'normal' Dutch seasonal flu is that between 250 and 2000.
The 'normal' flu is 4 to 35 times as dangerous as flu. The WHO was worried because in previous pandemics have shown that the aggressiveness of influenza viruses can change. This is not done with the flu.
Virus Characteristics
Genetic composition of the influenza virus
Genetics and symptoms
This new strain is a reassortment of several strains of H1N1 - Influenza virus, including human influenza , avian flu and swine flu .
Worldwide death each year between 250,000 and 500,000 people from flu.
The victims are usually elders, very young children, and people with poor health. This is no different with this flu. The virus is often no more dangerous than seasonal flu, this virus would be deeper into the airways so the risk of pneumonia increases and possible changes, therefore, the virus can be dangerous.
Among the patients there are many young adults. It is suspected that these people are more sensitive to this disease. Regularly, the media referred to the Spanish flu, a pandemic that took place in 1918 and 1919, involving tens of millions of people died, many of whom were young.
New Influenza A (H1N1)
The viruses were 100 nanometers in diameter.
The flu, an official New Influenza A (H1N1), is a flu pandemic from a new strain of H1N1 - swine flu, which originated in Mexico in March 2009 . There are also some other names used, including (new) influenza A (H1N1) and (especially in the first days after the outbreak) swine flu.
The virus manifested itself first in Mexico and expanded in April to the United States and soon to other countries.
According to figures from the American Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are on August 28, 2009 209 438 infections and at least 2185 deaths from the virus found.
When deaths are often a combination with one or more other diseases which the patient already greatly reduced health. Only flu death is rare.
In many cases, the infection goes quite mild and many patients report not therefore. A total of 17,483 worldwide confirmed deaths. In the Netherlands it is 60. In the 'normal' Dutch seasonal flu is that between 250 and 2000.
The 'normal' flu is 4 to 35 times as dangerous as flu. The WHO was worried because in previous pandemics have shown that the aggressiveness of influenza viruses can change. This is not done with the flu.
Virus Characteristics
Genetic composition of the influenza virus
- HA: Hemagglutinin type 1 (H1)
- NA: Neuraminidase type 1 (N1)
- PA: Birds , North America.
- PB1: Human, present in an H3N2 virus from 1993.
- PB2: Birds, North America.
- NP: Pig, North America.
- M: pork , Eurasia.
- NS: Pig, North America.
Genetics and symptoms
This new strain is a reassortment of several strains of H1N1 - Influenza virus, including human influenza , avian flu and swine flu .
Worldwide death each year between 250,000 and 500,000 people from flu.
The victims are usually elders, very young children, and people with poor health. This is no different with this flu. The virus is often no more dangerous than seasonal flu, this virus would be deeper into the airways so the risk of pneumonia increases and possible changes, therefore, the virus can be dangerous.
Among the patients there are many young adults. It is suspected that these people are more sensitive to this disease. Regularly, the media referred to the Spanish flu, a pandemic that took place in 1918 and 1919, involving tens of millions of people died, many of whom were young.
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